On May 1, 2026, China will implement a zero-tariff policy for imports from 53 African countries, notably excluding Eswatini. This decision reflects the ongoing geopolitical tensions surrounding China’s relationship with Taiwan.
The immediate context reveals that as of December 2024, China had already enacted a duty-free policy for 33 least-developed African nations. This expansion aims to bolster economic cooperation and enhance skills training across Africa. However, Eswatini remains one of the few countries—specifically, one of only twelve—that maintain diplomatic relations with Taiwan, which complicates its position in Sino-African trade.
That context matters because China’s trade deficit with Africa surged by a staggering 65% last year, reaching approximately $102 billion. The country’s imports from Africa primarily consist of minerals and raw materials, such as crude oil and metallic ores. This exclusion of Eswatini could be perceived as a strategic maneuver to strengthen ties with nations that align more closely with Chinese interests.
This new policy aims not only to enhance agricultural exports but also to improve access to Chinese markets. The first shipment benefiting from this expanded policy was a notable 24 tonnes of apples from South Africa. Yet, analysts caution that tariff reductions alone cannot address the deeper economic constraints facing many African nations.
As Lauren Johnston pointed out, “China don position dia sef as di trade liberaliser and Africa-friendly economic partner, in contrast to Donald Trump and di US.” Such sentiments highlight China’s efforts to portray itself as a supportive ally in contrast to Western nations.
Ken Gichinga emphasized that these measures are designed to improve access to Chinese markets and close the trade deficit while expanding opportunities for African companies. However, Wangari Kebuchi warned that “Zero tariffs on commodities wey don already comot our shores unprocessed no go solve dat problem,” underscoring the need for more comprehensive solutions.
Ultimately, Wen-Ti Sung noted that “China wan show di world how dem dey treat dia friends, versus Taiwan friends.” This statement encapsulates the broader implications of China’s decision regarding diplomatic relations and trade policies in Africa.